Language of Confusion: -Pelled, Part I

Okay, this started as me just looking at one word and kind of going down a rabbit hole. Bear with me here.

Appeal showed up in the early fourteenth century, although only in the legal sense—something didn’t appeal (as in, attract) until 1901! The word comes from the Anglo French apeler, to call upon or accuse, from the Old French apeler, make an appeal. Before that, it was the classical Latin appellare, to call, appeal to, or name. There’s another version of the word, appellere (yeah, with another E instead of the second A) which means to strive or prepare. The ad- means to and pellere means to beat or drive and can be traced to the Proto Indo European pel-, thrust or drive. It… kind of makes sense for appeal? It makes way more sense for all the other words that it’s a suffix to. But we’ll get to those in a bit. There’s another word I want us to look at first.

Repeal showed up in the late fourteenth century, another one from the Anglo French (maybe they’re the ones we have to thank for the extra A in the suffix). This time it’s from the word repeler, from the Old French rapeler, call back or revoke. The prefix re- means back and apeler is the same word as the one from appeal. So it’s to reverse an appeal.

But let’s go back to the pel- words. See, a long time ago, back when I first started doing these posts, I did words that ended in the suffix -pulse, compulsion and impulse, which are all from the classical Latin pellere. Because it was an early post, I glossed over things more than usual and didn’t even mention that it derived from pel-. But I’m saying it now: -pulse (and pulse) as well as the -pel words, are all from pel-. Dispel—the dis- means away, making the word “to drive away”. Compel—the com- means together, so it’s “drive together”. Impel—the im- is from en and means in so it’s “drive in”, like driving in an urge, I guess. Repel is much like repeal, except it came to us directly from Old French instead of Anglo French. The re- means away, so it’s “drive away”. And finally, propel, where the pro- means forward and the word itself is “drive forward.”

And just like that, I explained more in one paragraph than in an entire post. Anyway, tune in next week, because things are about to get crazy.

Sources

Online Etymology Dictionary

Google Translate

Omniglot

University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center

University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language

Fordham University

From The Spamfiles

Yay, it’s time again!

Somehow I don’t think this is going to help if you’re fed up with fake dating. For some reason.

You’re really mixing your tones there, Jasmine. Feels very tsundere.

Damn it, not Greg again. Although I was honestly more surprised to see the name “Karole”. That’s a new one on me.

Fire-fire-fire-fire-HURICANE!

Uh, okay. Congratulations on your skills? Not sure what you’re looking for here.

Fed up with fake dating? Have I got the site for you!

New Purse

I have a lot of stories about my mom. She’s… certainly interesting. And it is almost Mother’s Day.

I don’t think I ever even saw her use it.

Language of Confusion: Matters of Luck

Feeling lucky today, punk?

Fortune showed up in the fourteenth century, coming from the Old French fortune and the classical Latin fortuna, which just seems to be fortune with an a instead of an e. It’s from fors, chance or luck, and is thought to derive from the Proto Indo European bher-, to carry. Yeah, etymologists aren’t actually sure that’s where it comes from, but they thought that “carry” shifted to “that which is brought”, which somehow shifted to luck. I mean, maybe.

Chance also showed up in the fourteenth century, meaning “something that takes place”, especially something “beyond human control”, which is obvious where the luck element comes in. It’s from the Old French cheance, accident, chance, or fortune, and that’s from the Vulgar Latin cadentia, “that which falls out”, referring to dice! It’s from the classical Latin cadens, falling, from the verb cadere, to fall, and can be traced back to the Proto Indo European kad-, to fall. So because dice fall, we have chance.

Luck showed up quite a bit later, having appeared in the sixteenth century. No one’s actually sure where it came from. It has no Old English equivalent, but it might be from the Middle Dutch luc, which is short for gheluc, happiness and good fortune. Frankly, that makes more sense than the fortune thing. Oh, and luck as a verb—like to luck into something—didn’t show up until 1945. I guess they didn’t luck into things before then!

Well, that’s all I have for this week. Kind of a short one, I guess. I’m sure we’ll be back to long-winded next week.

Sources

Online Etymology Dictionary

Google Translate

Omniglot

University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center

University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language

Encyclopaedia Britannica

History of the Dutch Language

May Goals

Oh, man, it’s Threemilk already. Summer’s right around the corner. Not that it feels that way around here!

So let’s look at how badly I’ve failed my goals this month:

April Goals

1. Finish the notes from my beta readers.

Yes, in a minor miracle, I did do this.

2. Work on all the notes that I’ve made because of suggestions from my beta readers.

I…didn’t do this. Like, at all. I wanted to, but I just felt… creatively drained. Also just drained in general. April was a stressful month.

3. If I’m able to finish the first two notes, then I can start editing the short story I wrote last year.

Yeah, if I didn’t do the last one, you probably shouldn’t expect me to do this one.

Not very good last month. I really wish I could just plug myself in and recharge. It would make things a lot easier.

May Goals

1. Start making nots for my other WIP, because I feel more enthused about working on that project than my other one.

2. Hopefully actually get to the notes on WIP 1 this time.

3. Find something to do to recharge myself creatively. I have no idea what, though.

That’s my (hopeful) plan for this month. What are your plans for this month? What do you do when you need to recharge creatively?

Reminders

I’m going to be getting a lot of mileage out of this one. It’s payback for… basically the first ten years of my life.

Honestly, the only thing inaccurate here is that my brother lives in Japan, so obviously I can’t do this by phone. It just works out for a better visual gag.

Language of Confusion: Aged

Today happens to be my brother’s birthday. But not just any birthday. His fortieth birthday. And as someone who was constantly teased while I was little, let’s just say I’m enjoying this a lot. So let’s look at things relating to age, shall we?

Age

Age first showed up in the late thirteenth century as a noun, and then in the late fourteenth century as a verb—although initially it only referred to an era of time, before also referring to how old someone was. It comes from the Old French aage/eage/edage, age or lifetime, from the Vulgar Latin aetaticum. That’s from the classical Latin aetatem, age, from aevum, age (like, a slightly different form of age). It can be traced all the way back to the Proto Indo European aiw-, vital force or life.

Old

Old comes from the Old English ald/eald, old. It comes from the Proto Germanic althaz, adult, which is related to the Proto Indo European root al-, meaning grow or nourish. Also related are the words elder and eldest, which once upon a time used to be what we used when we wanted to say older and oldest. There’s also a tree called an elder, but that one isn’t related at all.

Senior

Senior showed up in the late thirteenth century from the classical Latin senior, which just means older. No real surprises in this one. But it is from the word senex (old man) and can be traced to the Proto Indo European sen-, old, which is the origin word for words like sir and senor, which is pretty neat.

Ancient

Lastly today, we’ll look at ancient. It showed up in the late fourteenth century as auncyen, which meant very old people before also meaning very old things. It’s from the Old French ancient, old or ancient, and the Vulgar Latin anteanus. Now, that word is taken from the classical Latin ante, which I’m sure you all recognize and also means before. It’s related to the Proto Indo European ant-, which means front or fore [https://www.etymonline.com/word/*ant-], but I can’t quite see how we derived old from that.

Sources

Online Etymology Dictionary

Google Translate

Omniglot

University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center

University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language

Tony Jebson’s page on the Origins of Old English

Old English-English Dictionary

Encyclopaedia Britannica