Yes, another redo! I think the
last time I did this one, it was only one week and I missed some words, so it’s
worth doing it up to my current standards.
Press showed up in the
fourteenth century as both a noun and a
verb, with the verb meaning to press against something, while the noun meant a
crowd. It also started to mean a machine for printing in the sixteenth century,
and then printed matter, and then by the nineteenth century also referred to
journalism as well—a rather sensible evolution. The word comes from the Old French presser, from
the classical Latin pressare (to press),
past participle of the verb premere, to press.
Confusing, yes, but basically it’s like pressare is to pressed, if you get my
meaning. It’s from the Proto Indo European root per-, which has many
homophones, including the origin of per-, but in this case means to strike.
I guess when you press something, you’re striking it? Not really but kind of?
And now pressure. Don’t expect
much variation here. It showed up in the late fourteenth century,
but only as a noun meaning suffering or anguish, not meaning physical pressure
until a few decades later. Oh, and the verb, like to pressure someone, didn’t
show up until 1886! Can you believe it’s that recent? Anyway, it’s from the Old
French presseure, from the classical Latin pressura, just
pressure,
and that’s from pressare.
Then there’s all the words that
press is the suffix in. Compress showed up in the late fourteenth century,
from the Old French compresser, Late Latin compressus, and
classical Latin compressare, to compress.
That’s the frequentative of comprimere, to compress,
so compressare is the wrestle to comprimere’s to wrest. The prefix com- means
with or together, making compress to
press together.
Impress also showed up in the
late fourteenth century and has a
very similar origin. It’s from the classical Latin impressus, impressed,
from imprimere, to impress.
The im- is from en, which means… in.
Impress is to press in. It makes more sense for the literal meaning of
impression, but you can see it for the figurative one too.
And of course there’s express.
It also showed up in the late fourteenth century,
from the Old French espresser/expresser (it was Italian that gave us
espresso). That’s from the Medieval Latin expressare,
from the classical Latin exprimere, to express,
where the ex- means out, so the word is
to press out. And then expression, like someone has on their face. It originally meant the act of pressing out (its literal meaning), but also meant manifesting a feeling. It’s from the classical Latin expressionem, which I’m sure you’ve guessed is from exprimere.
Online Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language
Dictionary of Medieval Latin
Orbis Latinus
And then there is press into service.
ReplyDeleteI'm impressed you didn't suppress the urge to press on with this pressured post!
ReplyDeletePress as crowd makes me think of crush as crowd. I've been reading a lot of historical fiction lately...
ReplyDelete