Now, I actually did perfect along time ago,
but for some reason never did any other words that ended in -fect. Chalk it up
to me still figuring out how I wanted to do these. Anyway, we’re doing them
now, as well as redoing perfect, of course.
Perfect showed up in the early fifteenth century, coming from the Middle
English parfit, which means flawless or complete. It’s from the Old French
parfit (yes, that’s where parfait comes from)
and classical Latin perfectus,
perfect,
from the verb perficere, to complete.
The prefix is from our old friend per, meaning completely,
and the rest is from facere, to make or to do,
from the Proto Indo
European dhe-, to set or put.
To perfect is to completely complete.
Now let’s finally get to the
other -fect words. Infect showed up in the late fourteenth century,
from the classical Latin infectus, which means infection… or incomplete.
It’s from the verb inficere, to infect,
or to stain—both literally and figuratively. The in- is from en and means in, and the rest is facere, to do. To infect is to do in, as in the sense that you
were putting something in something to stain it. And from there we got infect.
Defect showed up in the early fifteenth century, not meaning to
desert/revolt until the late sixteenth century.
It comes from the Old French defect and classical Latin defectus,
a defect or a desertion, from the verb deficere, to fail.
De- means down or away, and with the rest
meaning to do… defect is to do away. All right, this one’s a bit weirder than
the others.
Affect showed up in the late fourteenth century, but it originally
only meant a mental state, not meaning to make an impression on until the
seventeenth century—though it did also mean to attack or to act on in the
sixteenth century. The word is from the classical Latin affectus,
affected,
from afficere, which has a variety of meanings, including to do, to use,
to act on, or to influence. The prefix is from ad-, to,
so this word is really “to do to”.
Effect showed up in the mid fourteenth century, making it the
earliest of these words, coming from the Old French efet and classical
Latin effectus, which is just effect.
Its verb form is efficiere, to effect or accomplish, a mix of ex-, out,
and facere, making this word to make/do out. I guess that makes sense if you don’t think about it too
much.
Online Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language
University of Texas at Arlington
Dictionary of Medieval Latin
O, this is good fun. So many words ending in -fect. What about 'prefect'? Does it have any relation to 'perfect'? I was just wondering if a prefect always has to be perfect!
ReplyDeleteMy latest post: Stupid questions
Interesting how such similar sounding words can have such wildly different origins.
ReplyDeleteSo, an infection is a stain, sort of. I rather like that.
ReplyDeleteInfect is rather timely.
ReplyDelete