Yay, back to
this. Aren’t you having fun? This week, we’re looking at more words that end in
tract, which comes from Proto
Indo European tragh-, to draw or drag something along. There are quite
a few of them.
Extract showed
up as a verb in the late fifteenth century, while extraction actually showed up
earlier, in the early fifteenth century.
As a noun, extract showed up in the middle of the century, but it didn’t mean
what we know it as. Back then, it meant a summary of something written, kind of
like we use abstract for today. It didn’t mean something extracted until the
late fifteenth century. Funny, huh? Anyway, extract comes from the classical Latin extractus,
drawn out,
from the verb extrahere, to draw/pull out.
Ex- means out, obviously, and trahere is
draw/pull.
Isn’t it nice when the words make sense?
Retract showed
up in the early fifteenth century (retraction was a bit earlier, in the late fourteenth century),
coming from the Old French
retracter and classical Latin retractus, drawn back.
Its verb form is retractare, to withdraw or draw back, with the re-
meaning back and the tractere coming from trahere, to draw. To draw back. How sensible!
Subtract showed
up in the early sixteenth century,
though much like the other words we’ve looked at today, subtraction showed up
before that, a whole century earlier in fact. Subtract comes from the classical Latin subtractus, withdrawn,
and its verb form subtrahere, to withhold or take away.
Sub- means from under, which is kind of
weird. Subtraction is to pull something from under, I guess.
Protract is just
like the other words here. It showed up in the early sixteenth century,
while protraction came almost a century earlier,
and then protractor, the tool, didn’t come until the seventeenth century and no, I don't know why a tool for measuring angles is called that, it just is.
It’s from the classical Latin protractus, which means drawn along, from
the verb protrahere, protract.
Pro- means forward, so this word is to
draw forward, which morphed protract into prolonging. But protract isn’t the
only word given to us by that. Ever wonder where portray comes from? Yep. Here.
It showed up way earlier than any of these words, in the mid thirteenth century, coming from the Anglo
French purtraire and Old French portraire, to draw, paint, or
portray. That por- used to be pro-, and the traire comes from trahere. I have
no idea how you get portray from that, but there you go.
Online Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language
Fordham University
