Thursday, January 4, 2024

Language Of Confusion: Feeling Tense, Part I

As usual with the start of the new year, it’s time to start a big multi-part series that lasts for weeks! I can sense your excitement from here!
 
In this series, we’re going to look at words related to tense, which I’ve already done but could use redoing at my current standards. Tense is also related to words like attend and tendon—which I’ve also already done, but only a few years ago, so we won’t be looking at those. However there are still many, many more to busy ourselves with.
 
First, tense showed up as a noun first in the early fourteenth century, referring to the grammatical sense, as in a tense of verb, which comes from the Old French tens, time or occasion, which is from the classical Latin tempus, yes, as in time. Tense as in stretched tight showed up in the mid seventeenth century, then tense as a verb showed up just after that, both from the classical Latin tensus, tense, and its verb form tendere. You might be thinking this is another etymological coincidence, but nope, tempus and tensus are related, both coming from the Proto Indo European root ten-, to stretch. Because a stretch of time is something that can be measured, see?
 
Intense showed up in the early fifteenth century, meaning great or extreme, then in the seventeenth century meaning people who are high-strung. It’s from the Old French intense, from the classical Latin intensus, intense. That’s from the verb intendere, but taken very literally. The in- is from en-, meaning in or toward, and the rest is from tendere, to stretch. Also related are intend (which we already looked at) and intent, which showed up in the early thirteenth century from the Old French entent/entente, from the Latin intentus, which means intent or, literally, stretching out.
 
Speaking of words ending in -tent, content showed up in the early fifteenth century, first meaning to be satisfied, with the definition of thing being contained (as in the content of this blog) showing up in the early fifteenth century. The first content is from the Old French contenter, Medieval Latin contentare, and classical Latin contentus, while the second content is from contentum, and both are from continere, to contain. The con- means with or together, while the rest is from tenere, to hold, another word from ten-.
 
Finally today we have extensive, which is related to extend, a la intend, but doesn’t have a -tense version. It showed up in the seventeenth century, first relating to immaterial things, then a century later also material things. It’s from the Late Latin extensivus, from the classical Latin extendere, to extend. Fairly straightforward, though I still think it’s weird there’s no extense.
 
Sources
Online Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language
Dictionary of Medieval Latin
Orbis Latinus

2 comments:

  1. True, no extense. But there is eXistenZ.

    ReplyDelete
  2. It's funny how these words can make sense to a point, then get totally confusing... Language!

    ReplyDelete

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