We’re back looking at tract, and all
the words related to it. As I said last week, tract is from the
Proto Indo European tragh-, which means
to draw or drag
something along. This week we’ll be
looking at a bunch of different words with -tract as a suffix.
First, attract showed up in the
early fifteenth century, meaning
basically what it does today—also in a medical sense, it was used to mean how
the body absorbed (as in, drawing out) nutrients. Okay, sure. Attract comes
from the
classical Latin attractus,
attraction,
from the verb
attrahere,
to attract.
Not exactly surprising. The prefix of the word is from
ad,
to, while the rest is
from
trahere, which, as I mentioned
last week when discussing tract, means
to pull.
To attract literally means to draw/pull to. Isn’t it nice when the words make
sense?
Contract showed up in the
early fourteenth century as a noun meaning
an agreement, then later in the century, it was a verb meaning to shrink. How
are those totally different meanings from the same word? Well, let’s see. The
verb comes from the
Old French
contracter and classical Latin
contractus, which again, means
to shrink.
The noun comes from the Old French
contract
and classical Latin… contractus. See, metaphorically, to make an agreement was
to draw something together. And that’s what the contractus literally means. The
con- means
together while the rest is
from trahere. A contract draws things together. So does shrinking.
Distract showed up in the
late fourteenth century, coming from the classical
Latin
distractus, which actually
means
torn or severed.
Its verb form,
distrahere, means
to distract or draw in different directions: the dis- means
away and trahere means to draw. Figuratively, to distract someone is to draw them
away from something.
Now for abstract. It showed up in
the
late fourteenth century as a
term meaning nouns that don’t name concrete things, not meaning an abridgment
until the mid fifteenth century, and not an art term until 1914. Though it was
used in music since the nineteenth century to mean music without lyrics. It’s
from the classical Latin
abstractus,
withdrawn,
and its verb form
abstrahere, draw
away. Ab- is another prefix that means
away,
because you can’t have just one, and trahere, to draw. Abstract also means to
draw away from, and for some reason it means a lot of other crazy stuff, too.
Finally today, we’ll look at
detract. It showed up in the
early fifteenth century from the classical Latin
detractus,
withdrawal or drawing away,
and its verb form
detrahere.
The de- means
down here, and with
trahere, to detract is to pull down. That… actually makes a ton of sense.
Sources
Online Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin
Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on
Proto Indo European
language