Once again, we’re looking at
words descended from the
Proto Indo European root red-,
which means
to scrape, scratch, or gnaw. Most of these make sense, at least.
First we’re going to look at
raze, which is basically the origin point of a lot of the words today. It
showed up in the
mid sixteenth century from the defunct words
racen and
rasen (they didn’t care so much
about spelling back then). It’s from the
Old French raser and
Medieval Latin rasare,
which is from the
classical Latin radere,
which we talked about last week as meaning
to shave,
and that’s from red-. Though some people actually think radere might not be
from red-, even though they look similar and mean pretty much the same thing,
and I can’t even say that’s a crazy idea because word origins can be very, very
stupid.
Razor of course is similar in
origin. It showed up in the
fourteenth century,
meaning it’s older than raze, from the Old French
razor/raseor, which is
from the abovementioned raser, and so has the same origin beyond that. Weird
how raze means to completely wipe things away like demolition, while a razor is
generally something you use to remove hair.
Next is abrasion, which is
pretty close to corrosion and erosion. It showed up in the
mid seventeenth century (with abrasive not until
1805), coming from the Medieval
Latin
abrasionem, which is from the classical Latin
abradere,
to scrape away.
Radere should be obvious by now, and ab- means
away or off.
To abrade is to scrape away, and an abrasion is something scraped away!
This one is kind of obvious when
you think about it: erase. It showed up in the
seventeenth century from the classical Latin
erasus,
erased.
That’s from
eradere,
to eradicate (BTW though it makes sense,
eradicate is not related to these words
at all), or more literally to scrape off.
The prefix here is from ex-,
out, and the
rest is from radere, so when you’re erasing something, you’re scraping it all
out.
Finally today, the word that
will probably make the least sense. Rascal showed up in the
mid fourteenth century as
rascaile, meaning
someone of the lowest class or the foot soldiers of an army, as well as a
tricky or dishonest person. It’s from the Old French
rascaille, rabble
or mob, and its origin before that is kind of a mystery, but it might be from
the Old French
rascler, from the
Vulgar Latin rasicare, to
scrape, which you might remember being the origin for rash. The thought process
is that things that are scraped off, “the scrapings” are the lowest level of
society, the rabble, the rascals. Don’t dismiss it when far stupider
etymologies are true.
Sources
Online
Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on Proto Indo European language
Dictionary
of Medieval Latin
Encyclopaedia
Britannica