Wow, an actual new
word etymology! It’s a miracle!
Sponsor showed up in
the
mid seventeenth century, making
it relatively young in word terms. It comes from the
Late Latin sponsor, which specifically meant a sponsor in a baptism, and
in
classical Latin, the word is from
spondere,
to guarantee.
A sponsor is a guarantee, I guess. Anyway, it can be traced all the way back to
the
Proto Indo European spondeio-, to libate. I actually had
to look that one up and it means to drink alcohol or to make an offering of
alcohol. And for some reason that’s how we got sponsor.
Response and respond
are much older than sponsor, having shown up in the
fourteenth century, and while they’re closely
related, they actually got to English through slightly different paths. Respond
is from the
Anglo French respundre, from the
Old French respondere, while response is from the Old French
respons
and classical Latin
responsum,
reply.
Both those words are from the Latin verb
respondere,
to reply,
which is a combination of re-,
back, and
spondere. To respond is to guarantee back, apparently. Correspond of course is
from the same place, though it showed up a bit later than respond (in the
sixteenth century). In
Medieval Latin, it is
correspondere, which means to
correspond, and adds the prefix com-,
together or with.
It kind of makes sense. To correspond is when both are acting at the same
time—to respond together.
Next is despondent,
which showed up in the
late seventeenth century from despondence, which I don’t think is used much anymore. Despondence is only
a few decades older, coming from
the classical Latin
despondentem,
despondent,
from the verb
despondere, which meant to give up or resign, or… to
pledge marriage. Yeah. There are a ton of jokes that could be made about this
one. The de- means
away, and with
spondere, to guarantee, the word was to guarantee something away, as in
marriage, and frigging hell, this is a standup comedy routine.
And that leads us to
our final word for today: spouse. It showed up in the
thirteenth century from the Old French
spous, and that’s from the classical Latin
sponsus,
which means
bridegroom and is derived from spondere. This doesn’t really dissuade the whole standup comedy routine thing.
Sources
Online
Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on
Proto Indo European language
Dictionary
of Medieval Latin
Fordham University
Orbis
Latinus