Thursday, July 13, 2017

Language of Confusion: Gone and Done

Now for some basic words that we all use all the time, go and do.

Do comes from the Middle English do, the first person of the Old English don, which just means do. It comes from the West Germanic don and earlier, the Proto Indo European dhe-, set or put in place. As for the other tenses, did comes from the Old English dyde, which is a reduplicated syllable (that means a part of the word was doubled)—which was how West Germanic used to make words past tense.

There’s also does, which comes from doth, which became an S because of the Northumbrian dialect of Old English. Done comes from the Old English gedon, which has a bunch of different meanings, including do. Not sure why they dropped the ge- from it. Maybe so it would fit better? 

Go comes from the Old English gan, which just means go. Before that it was the West Germanic gaian and Proto Indo European gh­e-, release or let go. Funnily enough, go is what’s called a defective verb, which is actually kind of what it sounds like. In grammar terms, defective means that it’s missing some of its forms. You know, like how I can go, but I can’t have goed. Since it was missing a tense, back in Old English used eode, which we lost at some point and replaced with went.

Went used to be a variant past tense/past participle of wend. Somehow it got taken from wend and given to go, and wended became the past tense of wend. For no real reason. What the hell. We could be using eode.

Sources
Tony Jebson’s page on the Origins of Old English
Encyclopaedia Britannica

6 comments:

  1. Eode would be a weird word.

    De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da. Now I have that Police song in my head.

    ReplyDelete
  2. I think we haven't really seen doth used much since the days of Shakespeare and the King James Bible.

    ReplyDelete
  3. I think I'm going to adopt eode as a character name.

    I just saw something on FB about why some verbs are irregular. It has to do with them being so old that they're still using the regular form from a language we no longer speak.

    ReplyDelete
  4. I love that there are defective verbs….

    ReplyDelete

Please validate me.