This is what? The fifth one? And there’s still one more left? I really
didn’t expect flat to be so prevalent. Of course, it’s really its root, the
Proto Indo European plat-,
to spread, and its root
pele-,
flat or to spread, that are everywhere.
Strap in, it’s going to get weird.
First today, something that kind of makes sense. Palm showed up in the
fourteenth century from the
Old French paume/palme, from the
classical Latin palma,
where it means the palm of your hand or, you know,
a palm tree.
Palma comes from pele-, flat, which I can see because the palm of your hand is
flat. And the tree of course is named for the palm of a hand, because the way
the leaves stick out kind of looks like fingers sticking out from a palm.
Next, plaza, which kind of relates to last week when we looked at
place. It didn’t show up in English until the
nineteenth century,
and it’s Spanish in origin, as the word plaza means
square in Spanish, like a town square. The Spanish plaza comes from the
Vulgar Latin plattia, from the classical Latin
platea,
street,
and that’s from plat-. Streets were flat and spread out, and now we have plaza.
And a bunch of other things.
Now we can finally get into the weird ones! Plasma—like the state of
matter, or part of blood—showed up in
1712, though back then it just meant form or shape. It started to mean the liquid
part of blood in 1845, and then came into use in physics in 1928, and now those
are pretty much the only ways we use the word. Plasma comes from the
Late Latin plasma, from the Greek
plasma, which actually means
creature or
figure of all things. It’s from the verb
plassein, to mold or build, which was
originally “to spread thin”, and it’s descended from pele-. So it went from
spreading out, to molding, to a figure, to a shape, to blood/ionized gas. This
is definitely a thinker.
And to keep the weird going: plaster. It showed up in the
fourteenth century as plastering walls or using
a medicinal plaster. It comes from the
Old English plaster,
which was something medicinal you put on your body (as opposed to in it),
coming from the Latin
plastrum,
plaster,
and if things weren’t weird enough for you, plastrum is actually shortened from
emplastrum, which also just means
plaster.
It’s from the Greek
emplastron,
plaster,
a mix of en-, on, and
plastos, molded, and that’s from plassein, which
we already know. So plaster is plaster because it’s molded on.
Finally, I hope you love this, because we’re looking at plastic.
Plastic! Really! It showed up in the
mid seventeenth century meaning something capable of molding something else, and back then it was only
an adjective—the noun didn’t show up until 1905. It’s from the classical Latin
plasticus,
plastic,
from the Greek
plastikos, which means
something to mold. And it’s from plastos and plassein, so because
moldable things can be flattened out, we have plaster, plasma, and plastic.
Sources
Online
Etymology Dictionary
Google Translate
Omniglot
University of Texas at Austin Linguistic Research Center
University of Texas at San Antonio’s page on
Proto Indo European language
Tony Jebson’s page on the
Origins of Old English
Dictionary
of Medieval Latin
Encyclopaedia
Britannica
Orbis
Latinus